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          算法与设计
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          设计模式
        </a></li> <!----></ul> <div class="info" data-v-18fb2c02><div title="作者" class="author iconfont icon-touxiang" data-v-18fb2c02><a href="javascript:;" data-v-18fb2c02>aiyoudiao</a></div> <div title="创建时间" class="date iconfont icon-riqi" data-v-18fb2c02><a href="javascript:;" data-v-18fb2c02>2022-02-22</a></div> <!----></div></div></div> <!----> <div class="content-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-wrapper"><div class="right-menu-margin"><div class="right-menu-content"></div></div></div> <h1><!----> <span>
            装饰器模式
          </span></h1> <div class="theme-vdoing-content content__default"><h2 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="header-anchor">#</a> 前言</h2> <p>装饰器模式属于结构型模式，这个类型的设计模式总结出了 类、对象组合后的经典结构，将类、对象的结构和使用解耦了，花式的去借用对象。</p> <h2 id="装饰器模式"><a href="#装饰器模式" class="header-anchor">#</a> 装饰器模式</h2> <p>使用场景：动态追加或者撤销功能，一般是给class扩展新功能，面向切面编程也是装饰器模式的体现。</p> <p>理解：类、对象的结构和使用解耦，装饰器模式很好的诠释了动态功能追加，但是前提是功能接口得一致，这样看起来才是对功能得扩展。综上所见应该是动态的借用，然后暴露对外一致的接口，最后调用这个接口即可，这个借用的操作可以一直叠加，从而实现了无上限的装饰下去。比如ts中的装饰器又叫注解，给类加上注解就会扩展类的功能，给方法加上注解就会扩展方法的功能。ts的装饰器，给类扩展应该是在类的原型上做手脚，而给方法扩展应该是改写了原有方法，用新的方法替换旧方法。</p> <div class="language-ts extra-class"><pre class="language-ts"><code>
<span class="token keyword">namespace</span> struct_mode_03 <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 接口</span>
    <span class="token keyword">interface</span> <span class="token class-name">IPhone</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 产品类</span>
    <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">HongMiK30</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">IPhone</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

        <span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'运行红米K30手机'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 装饰器</span>
    <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">PhoneDecorator</span> <span class="token keyword">implements</span> <span class="token class-name">IPhone</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

        phoneDecorator<span class="token operator">:</span> IPhone

        <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>phoneDecorator<span class="token operator">:</span> IPhone<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>phoneDecorator <span class="token operator">=</span> phoneDecorator
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>phoneDecorator<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 实体的装饰类</span>
    <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">FanPhoneDecorator</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">PhoneDecorator</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

        <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>phone<span class="token operator">:</span> IPhone<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>phone<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">runFan</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token function">runFan</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'安装手机电风扇，运行手机电扇'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 实体的装饰类</span>
    <span class="token keyword">class</span> <span class="token class-name">MemoryPhoneDecorator</span> <span class="token keyword">extends</span> <span class="token class-name">PhoneDecorator</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>

        <span class="token function">constructor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>phone<span class="token operator">:</span> IPhone<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>phone<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">runMemory</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token comment">// ! 这里是super 不是 this</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token function">runMemory</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'硬件升级，加大内存'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>


    <span class="token comment">// 使用 一：尝试一下功能的追加</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">const</span> hongMiK30 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">HongMiK30</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

        <span class="token keyword">const</span> homeMiK30DecorateFan <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">FanPhoneDecorator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hongMiK30<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">const</span> homeMiK30DecorateMemory <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">MemoryPhoneDecorator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hongMiK30<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

        <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'hongMiK30'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        hongMiK30<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

        <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'homeMiK30DecorateFan'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        homeMiK30DecorateFan<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

        <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'homeMiK30DecorateMemory'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        homeMiK30DecorateMemory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 使用 二：动态的追加功能 面向对象</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">const</span> hongMiK30 <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">HongMiK30</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

        <span class="token keyword">const</span> homeMiK30DecorateFan <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">FanPhoneDecorator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hongMiK30<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">const</span> homeMiK30DecorateMemory <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">MemoryPhoneDecorator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>homeMiK30DecorateFan<span class="token punctuation">)</span>

        <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'homeMiK30DecorateMemory'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        homeMiK30DecorateMemory<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">run</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

    <span class="token comment">// 使用三：动态的追加功能 AOP</span>

    <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
        <span class="token keyword">type</span> <span class="token class-name">fnProtoTypeExpression</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token function">addBeforeFn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fn<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> fnProtoTypeExpression<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
            <span class="token function">addAfterFn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>fn<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token operator">:</span> fnProtoTypeExpression<span class="token punctuation">,</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token keyword">const</span> fnProtoType<span class="token operator">:</span> fnProtoTypeExpression <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token builtin">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>prototype <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">unknown</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> fnProtoTypeExpression

        fnProtoType<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">addBeforeFn</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>boforeFn<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">const</span> that <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">unknown</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span>args<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">any</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token function">boforeFn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span>args<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token function">that</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span>args<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">unknown</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> fnProtoTypeExpression
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        fnProtoType<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function-variable function">addAfterFn</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>afterFn<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token keyword">const</span> that <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">unknown</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>

            <span class="token keyword">return</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span>args<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token builtin">any</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
                <span class="token keyword">const</span> result <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">that</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span>args<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                <span class="token function">afterFn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">...</span>args<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                <span class="token keyword">return</span> result
            <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">unknown</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> fnProtoTypeExpression
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

        <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">callMethods1</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">callMethods1</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'调用 callMethods1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">unknown</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> fnProtoTypeExpression

        <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">callMethods2</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">callMethods2</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'调用 callMethods2'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">unknown</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> fnProtoTypeExpression

        <span class="token keyword">const</span> <span class="token function-variable function">callMethods3</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">function</span> <span class="token function">callMethods3</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
            <span class="token builtin">console</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'调用 callMethods3'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">unknown</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token function">fnProtoTypeExpression</span>

        <span class="token punctuation">(</span>callMethods2
            <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addBeforeFn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>callMethods1 <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">unknown</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addAfterFn</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>callMethods3 <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">unknown</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">unknown</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> <span class="token builtin">Function</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token punctuation">}</span>

<span class="token punctuation">}</span>

</code></pre></div></div></div> <div class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="tags"><a href="/tags/?tag=%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F" title="标签">#设计模式</a></div> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新时间:</span> <span class="time">10年18月2023日 01时57分53秒</span></div></div> <div class="page-nav-wapper"><div class="page-nav-centre-wrap"><a href="/pages/45526410241/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-prev"><div class="tooltip">代理模式</div></a> <a href="/pages/40707180218/" class="page-nav-centre page-nav-centre-next"><div class="tooltip">适配器模式</div></a></div> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev">
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